The anal glands (also called anal sacs) are two glands that secrete a pungent
fluid that travels through tiny ducts that open into the anus. Typically, this
fluid is released during defecation.
Where Are the Anal Glands
Located?
The anal glands are located on either side of the anus, just under the skin, at
the 4 o’clock and 8 o’clock positions. The glands are embedded in the muscle of
the anal sphincter and are not readily visible.
What do the Anal Glands look
like?
The anal glands are small oval shaped glands. The tissue within the glands
produces a fluid that is collected in a number of tiny ducts. As feces pass
through the anus, the glands are squeezed and the duct releases the fluid
through small pores.
What Is the Function of the
Anal Glands?
The only known function of the anal glands is to produce small amounts of anal
gland secretions, ranging in color from yellow brown to gray. It is theorized
that these secretions are used as a way to mark territory and identify other
dogs. The secretions from these glands are very pungent and may also be
expressed when the animal is frightened or alarmed.
What Are Common Diseases of
the Anal Glands?
Many animals do not develop problems with these glands and many people are
unaware of their presence. In a few animals, anal gland impactions, infections,
abscesses, rupture and even tumors can occur. Common symptoms of
anal gland disease include “scooting”
– dragging the rear end across the floor, a foul odor, pain, and/or licking or
attempts to lick/bite at the rectal area.
Anal gland impactions are the most common disorder associated with the anal
glands. For an unknown reason, the fluid produced in the glands becomes too
thick to be expressed naturally through the pores of the glands. The fluid
continues to be produced, resulting in an enlargement of the gland and
irritation.
What Types of Tests Are Used to Evaluate the Anal Glands?
Physical examination and rectal palpation are the primary methods of evaluating
the anal glands.
